養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)生物安全

Content 目錄

1 Pest Control 害蟲控制 3

1.1 General thoughts 總的想法 3

1.2 Rodent control 嚙齒類動(dòng)物控制 3

1.3 Biological key data of rats and mice 大老鼠和小老鼠的生物學(xué)關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù) 4

1.4 Reasons for rodent control 控制嚙齒類動(dòng)物的原因 5

1.5 Steps of rodent control 控制嚙齒類動(dòng)物的步驟 6

1.5.1 Sanitation 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生 6

1.5.2 Rodent proof construction 防鼠建筑 6

1.5.3 Population reduction 減少數(shù)量 7

1.5.4 Use of rodenticides 使用滅鼠劑 7

1.5.5 Cats and dogs 控制貓和老鼠 9

2 Transport 運(yùn)輸 9

2.1 Something general 總的想法 9

2.2 Feed delivery 飼料配送 10

2.3 Pig trucks 拉豬車運(yùn)輸 10

3 People’s behavior 人員行為 11

3.1 Biosafety concerning customers 客戶方面的生物安全 11

3.2 Shoe disinfection 鞋消毒 12

3.3 Suggestion for farm workers 對工人的建議 12

3.3.1 Cleaning and disinfection of boots 清洗和消毒靴子 13

3.3.2 Washing and disinfection of hands 1 清潔和消毒手1 13

3.3.3 Washing and disinfection of hands 2 清潔和消毒手2 13

3.3.4 Pathways 走道 13

3.3.5 Human food delivery 人員食物配送 13

3.3.6 Visitors/ foreign workers 外來人員訪問 14

4 Cleaning and disinfection 清洗清潔和消毒 14

4.1 Six steps of cleaning and disinfecting a stable 車間清洗清潔和消毒六步法 14

4.1.1 Step 1: Remove feces and food remains 第一步：人工清除車間內(nèi)剩余飼料、糞便 14

4.1.2 Step 2: Pre-washing 第二步：用水進(jìn)行預(yù)清洗 15

4.1.3 Step 3: Soaking 第三步：浸泡 15

4.1.4 Step 4: Washing 第四步：清洗 15

4.1.5 Step 5: Drying 第五步：干燥 16

4.1.6 Step 6: Disinfection 第六步：消毒 16

4.2 Pathways for pigs 趕豬道 17

4.3 Truck wash 運(yùn)豬車清洗清潔和消毒 17

5 Food safety 飼料安全 18

5.1 Something general 總的想法 18

5.2 Silo areal 料塔區(qū)域 19

5.3 Feeding hygiene inside the stable 車間內(nèi)部飼喂衛(wèi)生 19

5.4 Hygiene of the water system 飲水系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生 19

 

1 Pest Control 害蟲控制

1.1 General thoughts 總的想法

Always underestimated part of biosecurity

害蟲控制是生物安全的一部分

Adequate control of rodents, birds, insects, and weeds is necessary to prevent entry of diseases to the farm.

為防止疾病進(jìn)入豬場，必須對嚙齒類動(dòng)物、鳥類、昆蟲和雜草進(jìn)行控制

Make a plan to control pests present on the farm.

根據(jù)豬場目前情況，制定一個(gè)控制害蟲的計(jì)劃

Keep track of existing pests and products used for control.

記錄現(xiàn)存的害蟲、用于控制害蟲的產(chǎn)品

Use traps to control rodents.

用捕鼠夾控制嚙齒類動(dòng)物

Have a sketch of the location of the traps and bait-stations.

有陷阱或放置誘餌位置的草圖

Place meshes to prevent the entry of birds into production areas.

放置網(wǎng)格以防止鳥類進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)區(qū)

Traps should be placed at strategic locations that are not hazardous to children, staff,and animals.

陷阱應(yīng)放置在對兒童、人員和動(dòng)物無害的位置

Specific insecticides must be used for the control of flies for this purpose.

必須使用特定的殺蟲劑來控制蠅類

Keep the farm free of garbage, waste and dirt.

保持豬場干凈，沒有垃圾、廢棄物和污物

1.2 Rodent Control 嚙齒類動(dòng)物控制

Rats and house mice occur worldwide as pests around people. They exist in our cellars, inthe sewers, on dumpsters, in parks, in warehouses and first of all on farms. Rats can causenot only significant damage to supplies and to materials, but they also carry and spreaddeadly diseases for people and farm animals. The fight against the rodents is oftenunderestimated. They are besides other vectors responsible for serious outbreaks in the pastlike FMD (= Food and Mouth Disease) and CSF (= Classical Swine Fever) in Europe. Therodents must also be seen as a big thread for spreading ASF in Europe and especially in Chinaat the moment.

老鼠和家鼠以害蟲的形式出現(xiàn)在世界各地。它們存在于我們的地窖、下水道、垃圾箱、公園、倉庫，首先存在于豬場。老鼠不僅會(huì)對物資和材料造成嚴(yán)重的損害，而且還會(huì)攜帶和傳播致命的疾病給人類和豬場動(dòng)物。與嚙齒類動(dòng)物的斗爭常常被低估。除此之外，如在過去歐洲爆發(fā)嚴(yán)重的口蹄疫和豬瘟期間，它們也是重要的傳播媒介。嚙齒類動(dòng)物必須被視為在歐洲特別是當(dāng)下中國非洲豬瘟病毒傳播的重要途徑。

Recognition of live or dead rodents.

識(shí)別活的或死的嚙齒類動(dòng)物

Droppings like odor or insulating material.

絕緣材料是否被破壞

Runways, inside and outside.

是否在走道內(nèi)或外活動(dòng).

Tunnels, holes signs of movement.

地道、鼠洞活動(dòng)跡象

Check with ultraviolet light and have a look for faeces and urine.

用紫外線檢查，看看有沒有糞便和尿液

Commensal rodents, Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Rattus flavipectus (black rat) and Musmusculus (house mouse), are the most important pests both in urban and rural regions.

嚙齒類動(dòng)物棕鼠、黑鼠和家鼠是城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)最重要的害蟲

1.3 Biological key data of rats and mice 大老鼠和小老鼠的生物學(xué)關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)

1.4 Reasons for a rodent control 控制嚙齒類動(dòng)物的原因

1. Rodents are carrier and important vectors for serious pig diseases.

嚙齒類動(dòng)物是嚴(yán)重豬病的攜帶者和重要傳播媒介

Around 100 diseases can be transmitted from rodents to humans and animals. Foranimals and humans should be mentioned among other things:

大約100 種疾病可以從嚙齒動(dòng)物傳染給人類和動(dòng)物。對于人類和動(dòng)物而言，除其它事項(xiàng)外，還應(yīng)涉及：

Also, parasites are introduced via rats and mice, such as ticks, fleas and tapeworms.

此外，寄生蟲可通過大老鼠和小老鼠傳入，如蜱蟲、跳蚤和絳蟲類。

2. Spread or accelerate the spread of diseases.

傳播或加速疾病的傳播

3. Attract other predators, rodents are also a food source.

吸引其它（食肉類或食草類）動(dòng)物前來

1.5 Steps of rodent control 控制嚙齒類動(dòng)物的步驟

1.5.1 Sanitation 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生

Plant free area around the buildings.

建筑周圍無植物

Clean and carry out any garbage, waste and dirt!!!

清潔和清除所有垃圾，廢物和污物

Grass must be shortened regularly.

草坪必須定期剪短

Search for holes in the grass and put baits in.

找到老鼠洞口，直接把毒藥放進(jìn)去

1.5.2 Rodent proof construction 防鼠建筑

Buildings need to be rodent proofed.

建筑能防御老鼠

Close holes, cracks and improve the surrounded area of the buildings.

封閉孔洞、裂縫，改善建筑物周圍環(huán)境

Keep any doors, windows and entries for humans closed.

人員進(jìn)出關(guān)好所有的門、窗和入口

Lay a band of gravel around the buildings (at least 50 cm).

在墻四周放置至少50cm 寬的鵝卵石

1.5.3 Population reduction 減少數(shù)量

Trapping 鼠夾

Set traps right against the wall, corners, dark places, where mice like to hide.

在墻壁角落、黑暗的地方設(shè)置陷阱，老鼠喜歡躲在那里

Figure 2 Source: PIH-107, 2010

1.5.4 Use of rodenticides 使用滅鼠劑

Continuously use of toxic baits safest rat and mice reduction.

持續(xù)使用毒餌 較安全的滅鼠方法

The population is kept on a low level.

有效降低數(shù)量

Using bait stations in and outside the buildings.

在建筑物內(nèi)外使用毒餌

Check the bait stations on a monthly basis.

每月檢查一次毒餌的情況

Change the brand or kind of baits.

更換不同種類的毒餌

keep it attractive for rodents.

保持毒餌新鮮美味

Active ingredients: Anticoagulants are inhibiting blood clotting.

活性成分：抗凝劑抑制血液凝結(jié)

Anticoagulants first generation: Warfarin, Coumatetralyl, Chlorophacinone, etc. have to betaken by rodents several times to be effective.

第一代抗凝血藥：華法林、殺鼠醚、氯鼠酮等必須連續(xù)多次投放才能對嚙齒類動(dòng)物有效。

Advantages 優(yōu)點(diǎn) ：

The rodents will die after a few days, so their death is not associated with the bait by their fellow rodents.

幾天后嚙齒類動(dòng)物就會(huì)死亡，因此它們的死亡與其他嚙齒動(dòng)物的毒餌無關(guān)。

Disadvantages 缺點(diǎn)：

The rodents can develop resistances against the bait ingredients.

嚙齒類動(dòng)物可以對誘餌成分產(chǎn)生抵抗力。

Anticoagulants Second Generation: Bromadiolone and Difenacoum, later Brodifacoum,

Flocoumafen and Difethialone kill effectively after the first intake by rodents.

第二代抗凝血藥：溴敵隆和鼠得克，大隆、氟鼠酮和噻鼠酮在第一次攝放后可有效殺死嚙齒類動(dòng)物。

If the rodents have developed a genetic resistance against anticoagulants of the first generation, the usage of anticoagulants of the second generation is necessary.

如果嚙齒類動(dòng)物對第一代抗凝血藥產(chǎn)生了遺傳抗性，則有必要使用第二代抗凝血藥。

Baits with anticoagulant ingredients need to be placed in closed bait stations. So, nottarget animals are not negatively influenced or even killed by the rodenticides.

含抗凝劑成分的毒餌需要放置在封閉的誘餌盒內(nèi)。因此，非目標(biāo)動(dòng)物不會(huì)受到滅鼠劑的負(fù)面影響，甚至被滅鼠劑毒死。

1.5.5 Cats and dogs 控制貓和老鼠

Cats and dogs are a high risk inside animal farms and therefore not allowed. Furthermore,the rodents adapt their behaviour to the existence of predators in their habitat. So an effective reduction is not achievable.

貓和狗在是豬場內(nèi)部動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物，因此是不允許存在的。此外，一旦豬場附近有貓和狗，嚙齒類動(dòng)物會(huì)躲起來適應(yīng)其棲息地中捕食者的存在，所以靠貓和狗的存在減少老鼠的數(shù)量是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

 

2 Transports 運(yùn)輸

2.1 Something general 總的想法

All kinds of transports to a farm are a high risk of introduce diseases into the farm.

Therefore, the frequency of transports must be reduced to a minimum.

進(jìn)入豬場的各種運(yùn)輸工具都有很高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將疾病帶入豬場。因此，運(yùn)輸頻率必須降至最低。

The target should be to reduce the frequency of transports no matter, whether they

are private vehicles, feed trucks, equipment deliveries or semen deliveries not morethan twice a week.

目標(biāo)應(yīng)是減少運(yùn)輸頻率，無論是私人車輛、料車、設(shè)備或精液配送，每周不超過兩次。

Cleaning and disinfection of trucks is a necessary step before they come even near to the farm. A quarantine time should be calculated as well.

在卡車接近豬場之前，清洗和消毒是非常必要的一步。還應(yīng)計(jì)算出隔離時(shí)間。

In general trucks and vehicles need to be cleaned carefully and checked first.Subsequently they have to be disinfected. After that procedure the trucks/ vehicles  are standing still for at least 2 hours and then drive to the farm.

一般來說，卡車和車輛首先檢查是否清洗干凈。然后必須對它們進(jìn)行消毒。完成該步驟后，卡車/車輛需停在原地至少2 小時(shí)，隨后駛向豬場。

Any equipment or semen deliveries are loaded over to a delivery point and never enter the farm directly. A special storage with ultraviolet light for disinfection and quarantine time overnight needs to be installed.

任何設(shè)備或精液配送都要放在中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)，從來不允許直接進(jìn)入豬場。需要安裝一個(gè)帶有紫外線燈的特殊倉庫，用于物品隔離、消毒和夜間消毒。

Foreign pig trucks will never come near to the farm, because it is unknown where they have been before. So, pigs are loaded on to company owned trucks and brought to special and marked loading area to be loaded to foreign trucks.

外來的拉豬車永遠(yuǎn)不允許停放在豬場附近區(qū)域，因?yàn)樗麄円郧叭ミ^哪里不知道。因此，使用自己公司的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)車，把帶有標(biāo)記的豬只轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)，裝到外來的拉豬車上。

2.2 Feed delivery 飼料配送

Start on Monday

星期一出發(fā)

First deliver feed to the high value farms (like breeding farm and boar station).

先送高基因價(jià)值的場站（如原種場和公豬站）

Then the others (growing out, fattening).

然后種豬培育場和其他場區(qū)

If possible feed delivery only once a week.

如果可能每周只送一次

Washing and disinfection (Neopredisan 4% highly recommended) of the feed truckson Saturday.

清洗和消毒（推薦使用4%帝贊）料車

Trucks need to be clean, otherwise disinfection is ineffective.

料車需確保干凈，否則沒有消毒效果

Sunday: feed trucks are not moved.

周日：料車停在消毒點(diǎn)不允許移動(dòng)

So, you need a feed storage at all farms at least for 10 days.

所以，各場站至少需要儲(chǔ)存10 天的飼料

2.3 Pig trucks 拉豬車運(yùn)輸

Don’t move the truck at least for 24 hours (after a successful washing and

disinfection), before going to a farm after driving to customers.

在進(jìn)入各場站前至少保持24 小時(shí)不移動(dòng)（成功清洗和消毒后，然后在運(yùn)豬進(jìn)入至客戶場

Wash the truck directly after usage, first from the inside and then from the outside.

使用后直接清洗拉豬車，先從內(nèi)洗，再從外洗

Use high pressure machines (>100 bar) and hot water.

使用熱水高壓沖洗設(shè)備（＞100 巴）進(jìn)行清洗

Use alkaline soaking liquid for washing.

使用堿性清潔劑清洗

After washing Disinfection from the inside and then from the outside and every time.

清洗后每一次都是先內(nèi)部在外部進(jìn)行消毒

Drivers are not allowed to enter the stables; they have to stay on the truck!!!

司機(jī)不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入圈舍，他們呆在卡車上�。�！

For loading pigs, use farm owned equipment and leave it there.

給客戶卸豬時(shí)，使用客戶場的設(shè)備且使用后留在客戶處

Wash your hands after, also use hand disinfection.

卸完后，用 免手洗消毒凝膠消毒雙手

2 pairs of shoes/ boots

準(zhǔn)備兩雙鞋（靴）

 One for outside the truck and one for entering the loading space.

 一雙鞋下車后穿，另外一雙膠靴進(jìn)入裝豬臺(tái)區(qū)域穿

Wash and disinfect them every time.

每次用完后都清洗、消毒

Drivers are not allowed to carry any food with them (high risk material).

司機(jī)不得攜帶任何食物（高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)食物）上車

3 People’s behaviour 人員行為

3.1 Biosafety concerning customers 客戶方面的生物安全

Vehicles, which don’t belong to the company shall not be near the farms.

外來車輛不得停放在公司

Reception of customers at the office in town, then go to the growing out-farm by company owned vehicles.

在城鎮(zhèn)辦公室接待客戶，然后乘坐公司指定車輛到場區(qū)選豬

At the office customers get disposable overalls and shoe covers (2 pairs) washing hands with soap (liquid soap) and hand disinfection.

在城鎮(zhèn)辦公室用洗手液洗手，然后用免手洗消毒凝膠消毒，讓客戶穿一次性鞋套乘坐指定車輛到場區(qū)后，再次用洗手液洗手和消毒，穿上另外一雙一次性鞋套和一次性隔離服在進(jìn)入展廳選豬

No meals inside the farms for customers.

不讓客戶在場內(nèi)就餐

No potential germs near to the farms.

沒有潛在的細(xì)菌在豬場附近

3.2 Shoe disinfection 鞋消毒

NaOH is very aggressive, to shoes and feet (shoes with holes).

NaOH 對鞋和腳有腐蝕性（鞋會(huì)出現(xiàn)洞）

Better would be Neopredisan – 4%, remember the residence time 2 minutes, at least 5cm deep in one container and change the dirty liquid every day.

最好使用4%帝贊消毒劑，消毒盆內(nèi)消毒液深度為5 厘米，每次消毒腳需在消毒盆內(nèi)停留2 分鐘，每天更換消毒盆一次

Shoes or boots must be absolutely clean, otherwise no disinfection.

鞋或膠靴必須干凈，否則沒有消毒效果

Replace the disinfectant inside the bowls continuously.

堅(jiān)持在每天相同時(shí)間更換消毒液

3.3 Suggestions for farm workers 對工人的建議

Reduce person’s traffic to minimum.

減少人員流動(dòng)，使人員流動(dòng)降至最低

No private vehicles inside the farm (motorcycles for example).

場內(nèi)不存放私家車（例如摩托車）

Find a save spot outside the farm for them.

在豬場外面找到一個(gè)安全的存放點(diǎn)

Workers, who have been outside, need to follow special rules:

工人外出：需要遵循特殊的規(guī)則

Shower directly after entering the black area of the farm.

進(jìn)入廠區(qū)后直接在臟區(qū)洗澡

Shower again, when you enter the white area and start your work.

進(jìn)入凈區(qū)工作時(shí)，再次洗澡

Wash your hair!!!

洗頭�。。�

Using Shampoo and shower gel.

使用洗發(fā)水和沐浴露

Defecate and urinate only on toilet, not anywhere else.

不再除了廁所以外的任何地方大小便

Wash hands after with liquid soap, no soap bars, otherwise we spread potential germs from one to another.

用洗手液洗手，不要用香皂，會(huì)增加交叉感染的機(jī)率

Workers, who went out, need stay in the black area for 24 hours.

外出的工人，返回時(shí)需在臟區(qū)隔離24 小時(shí)

In the canteen: 職工餐廳：

Washing hands before having a meal.

飯前洗手

Washing hands, and use hand disinfection afterwards.

飯后洗手，用免手洗消毒凝膠消毒雙手

Food comes from the outside and is a risk.

所有來自外部的食物都是一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

3.3.1 Cleaning and disinfection of boots 清洗和消毒膠靴

Cleaning and disinfection of the boots before and after changing to another production area

在進(jìn)入其它生產(chǎn)區(qū)域之前和之后對靴子進(jìn)行清洗和消毒

3.3.2 Washing and disinfecting hands 1 清洗和消毒手1

Washing and disinfecting hands before and after entering another production area

在進(jìn)入其它生產(chǎn)區(qū)域之前和之后對雙手進(jìn)行清洗和消毒

3.3.3 Washing and disinfecting hands 2 清洗和消毒手2

Washing hands after using the toilet human faeces: high risk for diseases.

入廁后洗手à人體糞便：傳播疫病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高

3.3.4 Pathways 走道

Only use solid pathways

只走硬化修整過的道路

3.3.5 Human Food delivery 人員食物配送

It is not allowed to go inside the farm and take human food with you from the outside.

進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)區(qū)時(shí)，不允許從外部帶任何食物進(jìn)入車間

3.3.6 Visitors/ foreign workers 外來人員訪問

Registration of visitors and foreign workers. 外來人員進(jìn)場需登記

Reduce traffic of foreign vehicles and workers to a minimum, only if absolutely necessary.

盡可能減少外來人員和車輛，除非真的非常必要

Check foreign workers and their belongings, no risky materials inside the farm.

檢查外來人員行李，確保沒有任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)帶入場內(nèi)

4 Cleaning and disinfection 清洗清潔和消毒

4.1 Six steps of cleaning and disinfection a stable

車間清洗清潔和消毒六步法

1. Remove faeces and food remains

第一步：人工清除車間內(nèi)剩余飼料、糞便

2. Roughly pre-washing only with water

第二步：用水進(jìn)行預(yù)清洗

3. Soaking

第三步：浸泡

4. Cleaning, very precisely, high pressure, use warm water

第四步：徹底清洗清潔 高壓 >100 bar

5. Dry out

第五步：干燥

6. Disinfection

第六步：圈舍消毒

Disease prevention and biosecurity are a complex problem:

It starts with cleaning and disinfection and goes on with vaccination and medical treatment.

疾病預(yù)防、生物安全是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題，始于清洗清潔和消毒，同時(shí)需要持續(xù)落實(shí)疫苗接種和藥物治療工作

4.1.1 Step 1: Remove faeces and food remains

第一步：清除剩余飼料和糞便

Remove faeces and food remains from the stable, manually.

清除車間內(nèi)剩余飼料、糞便

Start cleaning directly after the animal transfer.

豬只轉(zhuǎn)群后立刻清潔

Put faeces, urine, dust and old feed out of the stable.

清除沉渣、糞污、灰漬和剩余飼料

Put garbage and other things out of the stable.

清除垃圾等廢棄物

Control and perhaps fix the electric facilities.

檢查并修復(fù)電力設(shè)施設(shè)備

4.1.2 Step 2: Pre-washing 第二步：預(yù)清洗

Washing only with water.

用水進(jìn)行清洗

4.1.3 Step 3: Soaking 第三步：浸泡

Warm water is helpful.

溫水效果更好

Use a special soaking liquid to crack protein and fat.

使用特殊浸濕液粉碎清除蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪殘留

Soak only what you can clean in the next 60 minutes.

只浸濕60 分鐘內(nèi)可有效清潔的物品和設(shè)施設(shè)備等

Do not forget the ceiling and the walls.

不能忘記清潔舍頂和墻壁

The efficiency of the disinfection is ensured by a good cleaning. Grease films that close the pores and capillaries of surfaces must be removed in order to expose underlying inclusions as far as possible.

通過良好的清潔來確保消毒效果，必須除去油脂膜和表面的氣泡，以便盡可能地去除潛在的污染物。

4.1.4 Step 4: Washing a stable 第四步：徹底清洗圈舍

Don't wait some days, do it directly.

切不可暫等時(shí)日，要立刻清洗

A good cleaning is 99% of the disinfection.

消毒效果的99%取決于消毒前清洗清潔工作是否有效落實(shí)

Use warm water, if possible.

如有條件，請用溫水清洗

Use pressure washer and plenty of water to clean everything.

用高壓水槍和足夠溫水清洗要消毒的各處及各種物品

Clean also the office, the floor in front of the stable and all other rooms, which belong to this production area.

還要清洗辦公室、辦公區(qū)，生產(chǎn)車間門前的地面以及屬于生產(chǎn)使用的所有房舍

Don't clean the underfloor storage.

不用清洗地溝

Clean the water pipes.

清洗水管

Clean the feed pipes.

清洗料管

Clean the feed silo inside and put the old feed out.

清洗料塔內(nèi)部，清除殘料

Don’t forget the ceiling and the walls.

不要忘記清洗舍頂和墻壁

At last put the manure out of the underfloor storage.

最后把糞污排出地溝

4.1.5 Step 5: Dry out 第五步：干燥

After cleaning, the concrete surfaces have to dry (must be “grey”), since otherwise the disinfectant solution is diluted on the surface.

清潔后，混凝土表面必須干燥（必須是“灰色”），否則消毒劑溶液在消毒處表面達(dá)不到應(yīng)有的效果。

4.1.6 Step 6: Disinfection 第六步：圈舍消毒

Before you start disinfecting the room must be completely dry.

開始消毒前，圈舍一定要完全干燥

Methods of drying the stables: 1. over a night; 2. under special climate or weather like raining warm drying.

干燥的方法：1、空置一夜；2、特殊氣候條件或天氣下，加溫干燥處理

Don't use aldehyde or glutaraldehyde for disinfection, they do not work below a room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.

不要用含醛或戊二醛的消毒劑，因?yàn)榇讼�毒劑在室溫低�?0 度時(shí)失效！

Use cresols for disinfection, they work at any temperature (NEOPREDISAN).

使用甲酚類消毒劑進(jìn)行消毒，因其有效性不受溫度影響（如Menno 專利消毒劑）

Don't use fog, but foaming, because it's very dangerous (aerosol) for the farm worker’s health.

因?yàn)閷ι�畜和人體有害（氣溶膠），不要采用噴霧式，而是泡沫式消毒方法

To calculate the right amount, it is important to know that you need 0.4 litre per m2 of Menno NEOPREDISAN

計(jì)算正確的使用量提示：Menno 消毒劑混合液用量0.4 升/m2

So simple Maths 0,4x0,02=0.008l ?so you need 8 ml pure disinfectant per m2 for a 2% solution

簡單的數(shù)學(xué)公式0.4x0.02 =0.008 升?需要8 毫升/m2 Menno 消毒劑原 液即能獲得2％的泡沫混合溶液

For a 4% solution you need 16 ml/m2

配比4％的混合溶液，需要16 毫升/m2 Menno 消毒劑原液

Attention: Lower concentrations are useless and can also cause resistances!!

注意：配比濃度不足時(shí)消毒無效，而且會(huì)阻礙最終的消毒殺菌效果！！

Disinfect walls, floors, pens, facilities, tools, work boots, transport vehicles etc.

要對包括圈舍墻壁、地面、欄位、設(shè)施設(shè)備、工具、工作靴、運(yùn)輸車輛等進(jìn)行消毒

To calculate the surface of a house

預(yù)估計(jì)算豬舍需消毒的面積

Farrowing: 2.5 x floor space

分娩舍：2.5 x 地板面積

All other houses in general: 2 x floor space

其它豬舍：2 x 地板面積

You also can calculate the exact surface by measuring the floor, walls, ceiling and all parts of the pen and so on

也可以通過測量所有的豬欄、墻壁等來計(jì)算精確的消毒面積

4.2 Pathways for pigs 趕豬道

Clean the pathways directly after stalling / moving pigs.

轉(zhuǎn)欄后直接清洗趕豬道

Use disinfection only after drying.

干燥后消毒

Use disinfection every morning before using the pathways:

每天早上使用趕豬道前進(jìn)行消毒:

We don't know what happened at night!!

因?yàn)槲覀儾恢�道在夜間發(fā)生了什么！！

4.3 Truck Wash 運(yùn)豬車清洗清潔和消毒

1 Removal of all manure and bedding

清除所有糞便和墊料

2 Soaking with soap and/or degreaser

用肥皂/或脫脂劑浸泡

3 Pressure washing with hot water is most effective vs. cold water wash

與冷水清洗清潔相比，用熱水進(jìn)行高壓清洗最有效

4 Disinfecting by foaming with an appropriate disinfectant

使用合適的、產(chǎn)生泡沫狀混合液的消毒劑進(jìn)行消毒

5 Drying

干燥后再投入使用

Keep the cargo area free of manure, manually

車輛裝卸區(qū)域無糞便

Apply soap according to label directions inside and outside

根據(jù)肥皂類清潔劑使用說明書進(jìn)行內(nèi)、外部清洗清潔

Do not let the soap dry out.

不要讓肥皂類清潔劑變干

Working from the top going down, high pressure wash required including ramps,gates, crowd boards, brooms, shovels and dirty and clean boxes.

從上向下清洗清潔，高壓沖洗，包括卡車升降臺(tái)、車門、擋豬板、掃帚、鏟子和使用的箱子或盒子

Apply disinfectant to all.

卡車所有部位進(jìn)行消毒

Clean and disinfect the driver’s cab. Be sure that the pedals and the floor of the cab are clean.

清潔和消毒駕駛室，確保駕駛室的踏板和地面清潔

Put on new shoe covers, then clean the cab from the inside, such as steering wheel, door handles, and dashboard.

穿上新的鞋套后清潔駕駛室，如方向盤、門把手和儀表盤等

 

5 Feed Safety 飼料安全

5.1 Something general 總的想法

Exposure to germs of any kind must be absolutely avoided and monitored in regular intervals!

必須避免接觸任何種類的細(xì)菌，并定期進(jìn)行監(jiān)測！

The entire feed supply chain, from the storage of the raw components to the preparation of the feed mixture, from the transport routes to the pig feeding system,must be closely observed!

從原料的儲(chǔ)存到飼料加工，從飼料運(yùn)輸?shù)截i場內(nèi)部飼喂系統(tǒng)，整個(gè)飼料供應(yīng)鏈都必須密切觀察！

If too little attention is paid to hygiene in liquid feeding systems, the feed lines might develop bio films, which act as a nutritional solution for the growth of different bacteria.

飼喂液態(tài)料也需要注意飼喂系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)生，否則料線內(nèi)部會(huì)形成生物膜，作為不同細(xì)菌生長的營養(yǎng)液。

The quality of the water, which is one of the most important feeding components in pig rearing, should be checked regularly!

水質(zhì)是養(yǎng)豬環(huán)節(jié)中最重要的組成部分之一，應(yīng)定期檢查！

5.2 Silo areal 料塔區(qū)域

The silo areal must be clean at any time.

料塔區(qū)域在任何時(shí)間都必須保持干凈

Salmonella can occur.

可引起沙門氏菌

Continuously rodent control.

持續(xù)滅鼠

5.3 Feeding Hygiene inside the stable 車間內(nèi)部飼喂衛(wèi)生

Adjust the feeders, so that the pigs are able to finish it.

調(diào)節(jié)飼喂器開關(guān)，讓豬可以一次性吃完它

Left feed inside the troughs is always a risk for microorganisms and bacteria(diarrhoea).

料槽內(nèi)的剩料可以滋生微生物和細(xì)菌（腹瀉）

Bad influence on feed intake and weight gain with poor feed hygiene.

影響飼料攝入量和日增重

Economical aspect Reducing of feed losses.

經(jīng)濟(jì)損失 飼料損失

5.4 Hygiene of the water-system 飲水系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生

Water and water pipe hygiene.

飲水和水管衛(wèi)生

Drinking water especially from own wells need 2 times a year bacterial assay (chemical-physical and bacteriological – danger: salmonella!).

尤其是自家的井水，每年檢測水質(zhì)2 次�。ɑ瘜W(xué)-物理和細(xì)菌學(xué)-危險(xiǎn)：沙門氏菌�。。。�

High manganese, nitrite and nitrate levels can lead to poor development and lack of acceptance.

高錳、亞硝酸鹽和硝酸鹽含量會(huì)導(dǎo)致豬只不喜歡飲用和發(fā)育不良

Perform germ-reducing measures (drinking water disinfection, water treatment,chlorination, acidification, etc.).

執(zhí)行殺菌措施（飲用水消毒、水處理、氯化、酸化等）。

Attention!! Products used in the current mast must be approved for this!!

注意！使用的產(chǎn)品必須得到政府批準(zhǔn)！!

The water system should be cleaned from time to time.

飲水系統(tǒng)必須隨時(shí)隨刻可清洗

Hygiene in the water supply always also depends on the equipment.

飲水系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生總是取決于飲水設(shè)備

Long troughs with aqua level need to be checked after feeding.

長料槽水槽需要在飼喂后進(jìn)行檢查

Food remains must be removed, so all pigs are able to drink.

料槽里面的剩料必須清出去，保證所有的豬只都可以喝到水

Bowls are more accepted by pigs, the water intake is higher.

飲水碗位置越合適，攝入水量越大

but they must be checked and cleaned every day.

但是必須是每天可檢查和可清理干凈的